• Cows can see in Colour.
• Cows see around 300-degree panoramic vision.
• Cows have a good sense of smell of up to 9 km away.
• Cows have a good memory.
• Cows can sense a storm coming and will go lie down.
• The amount of rings around a cows horns determines its approximate age.
• A cow has 4 stomachs.
• A cow sits and stands up about 14 times a day.
• Cows can walk up steps, but not down.
• A cow hoof is cloven, or divided into two equal parts, usually called claws.
• Cows drink up to 140 Liters of water a day.
• An average cow gives us 200 000 glasses of milk in a lifetime.

• During the breeding season, the bulls are placed in a pasture with heifers and cows at a ratio of 1 Bull to 25 Cows.
• A breeding season usually lasts three to four months.
• Once breeding season is over, the bulls are moved to another pasture until the next breeding season.
• Heifers are bred at about 12 – 14 months.
• Gestation period is 283 days.
• Dairy cattle are bred year-round so the supply of milk will be constant.
• The average calf weighs between 35kg and 45kg at birth.
• After the calf is several days old, it is moved into a pasture with its mother.
• Calves are normally weaned at seven to nine months of age, when they weigh between 180kg and 280kg. By this time the calves do not need milk because they can eat grass and drink water.
• Cows can live up to 25 years.
• A heifer is a young female cow that has not yet had a calf.
• A cow can only produce milk after she has birthed her first calf.
• Once a heifer has had a calf, she becomes a calf.

Milk                                                    Leather                                              Meat

Compost                                           Tallow                                                Gelatin

Dairy products from milk: yoghurt, cheese, cream, cottage cheese, sour cream, buttermilk, whey and condensed milk

Tallow products from fat: crayons, wax paper, margarine, paints, rubber, lubricants, soaps, lipstick and shaving cream         

Gelatin products from bones, skins etc: shampoos, face masks, cosmetics, candles, marshmallows and thickening agent in jelly

WHAT COWS CAN EAT (Safe)

Grass                                                  Hay                                                     Wheat

Barley                                                 Corn                                                   Beet Pulp

Lucerne                                             Pumpkin                                           Potatoes

Oranges                                            Bananas                                            Carrots

Soy                                                     Watermelon                                    Apples

Mangoes                                           Pineapples                                        Kiwi

Strawberries                                    Grapefruit                                        Raspberries

Grapes                                               Plums                                                 Tomatoes

Pears                       

WHAT COWS CAN NOT EAT (Toxic)

Cherries                                            Apricots                                            Avocado

Cabbage                                            Mushrooms                                     Broccoli        

Green Tomatoes                             Potatoes                                           Onions